Ameliorative effect of the seed of Tetracarpidium Conophorum extract on wistar rats with doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity was investigated. Herbal drugs are used widely even when their biologically active compounds are unknown, probably because of their effectiveness, lesser side effects and affordability. The result of this study will provide harmless and affordable remedy for cardiotoxicity and other oxidative stress induced diseases. Twenty adult wistar rats (140 – 330g) of both sexes were divided into five experimental groups (A, B, C, D, and E). Each group had four rats. Group A, B, C, D, and E represented groups treated with food only, doxorubicin only, (doxorubicin + 6% walnut of feed), (doxorubicin + 12% walnut of feed), and (doxorubicin + Enalapril) respectively. Cardiotoxicity was induced by administration of 3.75mg/kg doxorubicin through intraperitoneal route on alternate days throughout the period of the experiment. After the treatment period of forty-two days, blood samples and hearts were collected for biochemical and histopathological studies respectively. Serum enzyme and lipid profile were checked. There was significant increase (p < 0.05) in aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein  and very low-density lipoprotein with significant decrease (p < 0.05) in high-density lipoprotein in the group induced with doxorubicin without additional treatment when compared with the Tetracarpidium Conophorumand Enalapril treated groups. This observation was supported by histopathological report.The repeated administration of doxorubicincaused toxic damage to the myocardium. But treatment with the Tetracarpidium Conophorum significantly ameliorated (p < 0.05)the myocardium from the toxic damage. This study shows that wallnut has the potential that may have ameliorated the effect of doxorubicin.

Background: in Ethiopia Only one-quarter of young women and one-third of young men have a comprehensive knowledge of AIDS.

According to recent data from the Ethiopian demographic and health survey (EDHS 2016), national level of Comprehensive knowledge about HIV among men and women age 15-49 years is  27.9 % (n = 7613). 

This study aims to assess (1) level of Comprehensive knowledge about HIV (2) socio demographic factors associated with it among adults age 15-49 years

Methods:  Demographic and Health Surveys in 2016, in Ethiopia   were analyzed in SPSS, using multivariate logistic regression.  Socio demographic variables were selected based on their availability in the dataset. We used Comprehensive knowledge about HIV as the outcome variable using the recommended definition by EDHS 2016 Ethiopia    Descriptive statistics were employed to show the distribution of socio-demographic characteristics

Results: Of the total sample of 27289   of men and women 15-49 years at the time of survey, 27.9 % (n = 7613)   have comprehensive knowledge about HIV

About 79.8 % of the variation in the outcome variable (comprehensive knowledge about HIV t) is explained by the independent variables included in model 

Men and women in the 15-19 age group  AOR  15.287  (95% CI  9.430-  24.780) and Men and women age 15-49 years in   urban areas (AOR 29.337  ; 95% CI: 18.093-47.569)   were found to be major contributing factors  with level of comprehensive knowledge about HIV

Conclusions Factors associated with comprehensive knowledge on HIV include: age and residence Programs designed should target older age groups and Education about HIV/AIDS in rural areas, in particular needs to be improved Messages using radios will increase comprehensive knowledge.

The adolescent is considered an active element in family purchases, with an important participation in the decision phase. However, the study of higher involvement products for his/her own’ use have been neglected. The adolescent presents, in this category of products, generally, a higher knowledge than his parents, which can constitute an important resource in his participation in those purchases. Literature has evidenced the existence of diverse cultural dimensions, namely individualism-collectivism and power distance as having an interesting contribute to consumer behavior understanding. Thus, adolescents became an increasingly attractive segment for companies, because they are considered as an active element and have influence the most important consumption unit, the family. In these, the role of the adolescent is not deeply explained, having often been devalued or relegated. The adolescent tend to have a higher knowledge than his parents, which can constitute an important resource in his participation in those purchases, when comparing with their parents. Furthermore, products for adolescents’ use have not yet been properly studied.

The main objective of this research is to examine the influences of the individualism-collectivism’ and power distance’ national cultural constructs, and consumer socialization effects in adolescent’s influence on clothes for their own use’ purchase decision.

In the empirical phase, a quantitative research method is utilized in high schools in Lisbon district, Portugal. 1,000 questionnaires were delivered in classrooms during May 2018. Adolescents’ students were instructed to deliver questionnaires to their mothers for response, and 726 validated questionnaires were returned.

Results on logistic regression analysis point to individualistic culture, television influence, family type and adolescents’ product knowledge as explanatory variables for adolescent clothes’ purchase. For the mother, adolescents living in individualistic culture, having television influence, within single-parent families being positively related to the adolescent’s influence on family purchase decisions, reinforcing the relevance of family type. Also, adolescents with greater product knowledge being positively related to the adolescent’s influence on family purchase decisions, valuating the adolescent’ product knowledge. More, older adolescents do have more influence on family purchases than younger adolescents, also valuating the family type as an explanatory variable for clothes for adolescent’ use.

This research provides several contributions of this study to knowledge in this area field. First, the relevance of including the adolescent in purchases for his own use is reinforced. 

Second, when considering adolescent’ clothes, marketing managers should direct their efforts to those adolescents who live in individualistic cultures, to those adolescents who are more influenced by television, with greater product knowledge, and with ages between 15 and 19 years old. Those results are innovative in this research domain.  

Third, this research also contributes significantly to companies pointing to consider adolescent has an active participation on family purchase decisions. Having the adolescent relevant role on family buying decisions, it is important that marketers focus their efforts on his/her satisfaction, mainly when considering products for their own use.