This study on Evaluation of Discharged Untreated Wastewater from Pulping and Bleaching operations in a Bamboo Based tissue Paper Making Plant in Nigeria was conducted mainly to evaluate the pollutant loads present in wastewater produced during the Pulping and Bleaching operations of the tissue paper making progression. The wastewater samples were obtained and examined to find out the pollutants they contain by checking the availability of some physicochemical parameters using standard methods by American Public Health Association (APHA). The analyzed parameters obtained for the pulping and bleaching processes respectively are pH (7.42 and 4.49),  EC (316µS/cm and 47µS/cm), TDS (158mg/l and 24mg/l), Turbidity (19.3NTU and 28.7NTU), Temperature (28.47°C and 28.48°C), DO (3.66mg/l and 1.93mg/l), BOD₅ (74.02mg/l and 62.00mg/l), COD (140.30mg/l and 120.40mg/l), TOC (10.3% and 7.1%), THB (1.60x10³cfu/ml and 7.40x10⁴cfu/ml), THF (0cfu/ml and 2.30x10³cfu/ml) and heavy metals like Hg (<0.001mg/l and <0.001mg/l), Pb (0.281mg/l and 0.273mg/l), Ni (0.115mg/l and 0.117mg/l), Co (0.193mg/l and 0.208mg/l)  and As (<0.001mg/l and <0.001mg/l). These results were also compared amid the permissible regulatory standards set by the FMEnv and NESREA. From the comparative analysis, the bleaching wastewater sample was more polluted than that from pulping. EC, TDS, BOD₅, COD, TOC and Pb were higher in the pulping wastewater sample which could be attributed to the organic nature of the starting material; bamboo and residues of the pulping agents; caustic soda and ammonia while Acidity, Turbidity, Temperature, DO, Ni, Co, THB and TF were higher in the bleaching wastewater sample and could be caused by the bleaching agents and the availability of microorganisms. The result showed that some parameters except BOD₅, turbidity, COD, DO and pH from pulping fell within regulatory limit. This could be linked to the virgin fibre from bamboo applied which contains less pollutant compared to other industries using waste papers from different sources.

In the field of drug delivery system, there are numerous new formulation techniques. Microsponge are one of the most recent novel technique which are gaining popularity now days due to their use of controlled release and targeted drug delivery system. Microsponge technology offers entrapment of ingredient and is believed to contribute towards reduced side effect, improved stability, increase elegance and enhanced formulation flexibility. In addition, microsponges are non-irritating, non-mutagenic, non-allergenic and non-toxic. One of the best features of microsponge is its self-sterilizing ability. Microsponges are porous, polymeric microspheres that are used mostly for topical use and have recently been used for oral administration. Microsponges are designed to deliver a pharmaceutical active ingredient efficiently at the minimum dose. This review is focused on compilation of all recent application of novel approach microsponge.

The oil and gas industry operate within a highly complex and volatile supply chain environment, demanding efficient management practices to ensure operational reliability and cost-effectiveness. Traditional Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, while foundational, often fall short in addressing modern supply chain challenges such as real-time data integration, process optimization, and regulatory compliance. This study explores how digital transformation technologies—such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), blockchain, and cloud computing—can revolutionize ERP systems to enhance supply chain management (SCM) in the oil and gas sector. By leveraging a mixed-methods approach, including industry surveys, expert interviews, and case studies, the research identifies key benefits of digital ERP systems, including increased operational efficiency, cost reduction, and improved decision-making capabilities. The study also addresses implementation challenges, such as organizational resistance and integration complexities, offering a framework for successful digital ERP transformation. These findings have significant implications for advancing supply chain resilience, sustainability, and competitive advantage in the oil and gas industry..