https://rajournals.com/index.php/raj/issue/feed 2025-01-18T08:32:34+00:00 Dr. A. L. Martin editor@rajournals.com Open Journal Systems <p>The RA Journals International Journals of Multidisciplinary Research, international peer-reviewed open access journal which publishes research articles, review articles short communications and book reviews from academicians and business-persons, our aims publish articles of high quality dealing with issues which impact national and global scientific research scholars. The RA Journals is an international peer-reviewed and multidisciplinary journal that provides a venue for scholars to publish their research findings for advocacy and utilization </p> https://rajournals.com/index.php/raj/article/view/495 2025-01-14T18:33:20+00:00 Chidinma Magnus NWOGU alokechugwu@gmail.com Aloy Okechukwu UGWU alokechugwu@gmail.com Andrea Oludolapo AKINJO alokechugwu@gmail.com

<p>Urethral prolapse is the complete eversion of the distal urethral mucosa. It is a rare benign condition seen at extreme of age groups being most common with pre-pubertal girls of African descent. It is assumed to be related to hypoestrogenic states of these extreme age groups. It commonly present as vaginal bleeding and genital mass with or without urinary symptoms which may create a false panic over possible sexual assault. Conservative management may be offered to mild or asymptomatic cases while surgery remains the standard treatment modality with faster resolution of symptoms and lower recurrence. We present a case of a 14-year-old with urethral mucosal prolapse who had surgical excision of the prolapse with good outcome.</p>

2025-01-18T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2025 Research and Analysis Journal https://rajournals.com/index.php/raj/article/view/497 2025-01-17T16:32:32+00:00 Dr Sunusi Rimi GARBA alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr Amwe Sunday AKU alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr Abdulsalam Ali UMARU alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr Nanman NANDANG alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr Saadatu Lafia BABA alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr Ikechukwu Jeremiah UDEH alokechugwu@gmail.com Aliyu Amina UMAR alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr Richard Zubvushia ACHI alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr Farida Abdulkarim SHITTU alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr Chukwuemeka Precious ANYAOGU alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr Adewumi Adedoyin ADESIDA alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr Aloy Okechukwu UGWU alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr Anas Funtua RABIU alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr Marcus Mbakwe alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr Sunday Isaac OMISAKIN alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr SHEDUM Nantim Sunday alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr ABDULKARIM Junaidu alokechugwu@gmail.com Dr NANKAT Nansuk Kansel alokechugwu@gmail.com

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in pregnancy is associated with direct effect of pregnancy and potential viral transmission from mother to newborn. The data on hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in the rural area of Karu are very scarce. It is associated with a serious burden on the health care system and the economy of the family. This study therefore aimed to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis b virus infection among pregnant women attending rural hospital in Karu-Abuja, Nigeria from 1^st January 2021 to 31^st December 2021</p> <p><strong>Study design:</strong> This was a retrospective cross-sectional study carried out among pregnant women that booked for antenatal care at Nigeria Customs Hospital Karu Abuja over a one-year period.</p> <p><strong>Materials and Method</strong>: Cases were identified from records in labour ward, and antenatal clinic, from November 1^st, 2023, to October 31^st, 2024. Data was entered and analyzed using the IBM Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS Statistics) Version 27. Armonk, NY: IBM CorpA</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 906 pregnant women were registered for antenatal care during the study period of which 79 cases were diagnosed with hepatitis B virus infection and only 74 has the complete information and were included in the statistical analysis. The retrieval rate was 93.6% and the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among the study participants was 8.7%. The mean age of the study participants were 31.459 ± 4.4635 years, The mean gestational age at the diagnosis was 23.86 (4.73) weeks. Majority of the participants were multigravida and had attended tertiary levels of education and were booked. About 44 (59.2) participants had received Hepatis vaccine.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The prevalence rate of hepatitis B sero-positivity among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic was higher more than the national target of 8.0 and majority of participants were unvaccinated for HBV. </p>

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