The RA Journals International Journals of Multidisciplinary Research, international peer-reviewed open access journal which publishes research articles, review articles short communications and book reviews from academicians and business-persons, our aims publish articles of high quality dealing with issues which impact national and global scientific research scholars. The RA Journals is an international peer-reviewed and multidisciplinary journal that provides a venue for scholars to publish their research findings for advocacy and utilization
Lived Experiences and Quality of Life of Snake Envenoming Survivors in Rural Areas in The Province of Camarines Sur
Snake envenomation is a critical yet often neglected public health threat in rural communities, where limited access to medical care and reliance on traditional practices complicate timely treatment. This qualitative study explored the lived experiences and quality of life of eight survivors in rural Camarines Sur, Philippines, using a descriptive phenomenological approach. In-depth interviews conducted from January to March 2025 revealed four major themes: Circumstances of Envenomation, highlighting the sudden and unpredictable nature of snakebites in high-risk environments and the persistence of unsafe cultural remedies; Physical and Functional Recovery, describing varied recovery outcomes, prolonged disability, and altered work roles; Psychosocial and Emotional Impact, showing trauma, anxiety, survivor’s gratitude, and distress from lost provider roles; and Support System and Coping, emphasizing the central role of family caregiving, spiritual reliance, and inconsistent community aid. The findings confirm that snakebite is not only a medical emergency but a life-altering event with long-term physical, emotional, and socioeconomic consequences. Survivors rely heavily on familial and spiritual support but face gaps in rehabilitation, emergency response, and psychosocial care. A culturally sensitive targeted intervention plan was proposed to address these challenges, focusing on community education, improved access to healthcare and antivenom, trauma-informed support, and livelihood recovery. This study underscores the need for holistic and community-centered responses to snake envenomation, especially in underserved rural regions.
Snake Envenomation, Quality of Life, Lived Experiences, Snakebite.
Copyright (c) 2026 Research and Analysis Journal
Exploring Nurses’ Lived Experiences in Addressing HIV-Related Stigma in Clinical Practice
HIV-related stigma remains a significant barrier to equitable and patient-centered healthcare, particularly within clinical settings where people living with HIV (PLHIV) continue to experience discrimination and social marginalization. This qualitative phenomenological study explored nurses’ lived experiences in addressing HIV-related stigma in clinical practice and the challenges they encounter in providing stigma-free care. The study was conducted in selected public and private hospitals in Naga City, Philippines, and involved purposively sampled registered nurses with at least one year of experience in caring for PLHIV. Data were gathered through in-depth, semi-structured interviews and analyzed using thematic phenomenological procedures. Findings revealed that nurses encountered both subtle and overt forms of stigma embedded in routine clinical interactions and institutional practices. Nurses demonstrated strong moral responsibility and professional commitment to equitable care, actively resisting stigmatizing behaviors through ethical reflection, respectful communication, and patient advocacy. However, addressing stigma required substantial emotional labor, which accumulated over time and contributed to emotional strain. Major challenges included limited institutional support and training, as well as fear of social judgment and professional repercussions when confronting stigmatizing practices. The study concludes that HIV-related stigma in clinical practice is a socially and institutionally constructed phenomenon that cannot be addressed through individual ethics alone. System-level interventions, supportive leadership, and stigma-sensitive training are essential to sustain compassionate, ethical, and stigma-free nursing care.
Nurses’ Lived Experiences of Burnout and Coping Strategies in Public Hospitals in Naga City
Burnout among nurses is a critical concern in public healthcare settings, particularly in resource-constrained environments. This qualitative phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of burnout and the coping strategies employed by nurses working in public hospitals in Naga City, Camarines Sur. Using purposive sampling, registered nurses with at least one year of clinical experience participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed through thematic analysis guided by phenomenological principles. Findings revealed that nurses’ experiences of burnout were deeply embedded in their daily professional realities and shaped by systemic conditions. Two major themes emerged regarding burnout: overwhelming workload and resource scarcity and emotional exhaustion and depersonalization. Nurses described burnout as a cumulative and ongoing experience rather than a temporary response to isolated stressors. Despite these challenges, nurses employed adaptive coping strategies, primarily peer support and shared understanding, as well as personal meaning-making and emotional regulation. While these strategies enabled nurses to sustain their professional roles, they were largely individual- or peer-driven, reflecting limited institutional support. The study concludes that burnout among nurses in public hospitals is a structurally driven phenomenon that requires organizational and policy-level interventions. Strengthening institutional support systems is essential to promote nurses’ well-being, sustain professional engagement, and improve the quality of patient care in public healthcare settings.
Effects of Seasons on Prevalence of Bacterial Isolates in The Borehole Waters in Onitsha, Nigeria
In Onitsha, borehole water serves as the primary source of drinking water for most residents, However, many boreholes are located close to open solid waste dumpsites, raising concerns about bacterial contamination, particularly during seasonal rainfall which can exacerbate the risk increasing the risk. This study examined the effects of seasons on prevalence of bacteria in borehole waters in Onitsha. Water samples were collected aseptically after flushing taps for 2 minutes. Isolation and identification of bacterial organisms were carried out using nutrient agar and selective media including MacConkey, EMB, TCBS, SSA, and Cetrimide. Isolates were identified based on colonial and biochemical characteristics. A total of 126 isolates were recovered and identified as Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Pseudomonas, Salmonella, and Shigella species. Out of the total isolates, 55.6% were recorded in the rainy season, while 44.4% were recovered in dry reason. E. coli occurred highest in both rainy and dry season at 27.14% and 25% respectively, whereas other isolates except Shigella spp, were more prevalent during the rainy season. These findings indicate that borehole water in Onitsha is bacteriologically contaminated and unsafe for direct consumption without treatment.
borehole water, seasonal variation, Onitsha, bacteria
The Effectiveness of An English Enhancement Course on Public Speaking Anxiety Among College Students
The study investigates the effectiveness of an English Enhancement Course (EEC) in alleviating public speaking anxiety (PSA) among college students at the University of Saint Anthony. The participants, 66 students from BS Nursing, BS Business Administration, and BS Civil Engineering, were assessed using a time-series quantitative design with pre-test and post-test measurements. The Personal Report on Public Speaking Anxiety (PRPSA) was used to evaluate the students' anxiety levels. Statistical analyses included t-tests, one-way ANOVA, two-way ANOVA, and weighted means to analyze the changes in PSA levels. The results revealed no significant reduction in PSA across any department after the EEC, with BS Nursing students exhibiting the highest initial anxiety levels and BS Civil Engineering students showing the lowest. The t-tests and ANOVA analyses indicated that time (pre- vs. post-test) and departmental affiliation did not significantly impact PSA levels. Additionally, the study identified factors influencing PSA, including physical symptoms (e.g., racing heart), cognitive anxiety (e.g., fear of forgetting), and self-confidence issues. The findings suggest that while the EEC may improve English proficiency, it does not effectively reduce PSA. Future interventions should focus on specific anxiety management techniques, self-confidence building, and overcoming communication barriers to address PSA more effectively.
Public Speaking Anxiety, English Enhancement Course, Time-series Design, Personal Report on Public Speaking Anxiety.
Biophilic Design of Vital Urban Area and Planning of Resilient Territorial Mobility for Healthy and Smart City
The challenges of urban mobility include two main problems stemming from increased urban population density and inefficient urban infrastructure. As a result of increased population density, traffic problems such as traffic congestion and environmental pollution worsen, and the lack of harmony between public transport infrastructure and the urban fabric highlights the inability of cities to provide essential services and increases urban isolation. While high population density is a difficult urban challenge so too is urban isolation resulting from inefficient and ineffective infrastructure in accessing urban service centers. Which affects the quality of urban life? Through this research, we explore two approaches for planning resilient and vital urban mobility in a healthy and efficient urban environment in the region of Ouzera. The efficient mobility planned with an ecological urban context of Ouzera Town using a biophilic vital design approach with optimized zones for high urban efficiency that serves health and integrated modern infrastructure of healthy and smart city. Planning is also being done using an urban resilience approach to ensure efficient and resilient urban mobility to and from Ouzera Town with its urban fabric suitable for optimal urban planning toward the densely populated city of Médéa Center. Within the regional framework of Médéa and the urban context of Ouzera with its strategically location and nascent urbanization distinguished by natural Landscaping and ecological area of scientific buildings; highly efficient specialized healthcare services are being developed the urban fabric is being designed with optimized zones for healthy efficient and sustainable smart city. Plans were also made to ensure the effective and resilient integration of services with Médéa through an exchange hub in Ouzera Citywhich includes transports services, Railway services and continuous cable car services via a line linking scientific healthy site in Ouzera with important sites of Médéa.
Smart City, Healthy city, Biophilic design, Optimized zones, Cable car, exchange hub, Vital mobility, Resilient mobility.
Typhoon Kristine And Student Resilience: Socio-Economic Impacts on College Learners in Iriga City, Camarines Sur
The study titled "Typhoon Kristine and Student Resilience: Socio-Economic Impacts on College Learners in Camarines Sur" examined the socio-economic impact of Typhoon Kristine on college students at the University of Saint Anthony. The Philippines is highly disaster-prone, especially to typhoons that affect the economic and educational sectors. Typhoon Kristine caused severe damage nationwide, disrupting the education of millions of students. This study aimed to understand how the typhoon affected students' education, financial stability, and resilience. A descriptive survey method was employed with 267 college students from various year levels participating. The survey found that 64% were severely affected by structural damages and loss of property, while 55.4% experienced slight decreases in family income and 25.5% significant declines. Many students reported financial hardships, using savings for educational and daily expenses, and transportation difficulties. Despite these challenges, 92.5% of respondents expressed their intention to continue their studies. The results highlight the urgent need for targeted financial aid, mental health support, and transportation assistance for students affected by natural disasters. The study implies that educational institutions and local governments should strengthen disaster preparedness and resilience-building programs to safeguard students' continuous learning and well-being. Supporting student resilience through community engagement and policy interventions is essential to mitigate the long-term socio-economic consequences of disasters on education in vulnerable regions. This research contributes valuable insights to disaster risk management strategies, emphasizing that beyond infrastructure recovery, addressing students' socio-economic needs is crucial for sustaining educational attainment post-disaster.
Typhoon Kristine, Student Resilience, Socio-Economic Impact, College Learners
Copyright (c) 2025 Research and Analysis Journal
Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Patients with Chronic Pain: Their Perceived Effectiveness
The study determined the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for patients with chronic pain at Sta. Maria Josefa Hospital Foundation Inc., Iriga City. Specifically, it aimed to identify the non-pharmacological interventions utilized by nurses, assess their perceived effectiveness in reducing chronic pain, determine the extent to which nurses employ such interventions, and propose a training program based on the findings. Guided by the assumption that non-pharmacological interventions vary in type and perceived effectiveness, the study utilized a descriptive survey design involving sixty (60) nurses from different hospital stations. Data were gathered using a validated questionnaire and statistically treated through frequency distribution, weighted mean, and a five-point rating scale. The results revealed that nurses frequently used positioning, deep breathing exercises, hot and cold application, and massage, while other methods such as progressive muscle relaxation, acupuncture, and music therapy were often utilized. Conversely, aromatherapy, guided imagery, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) were less frequently applied. Findings showed that positioning and massage were perceived as very much effective, while interventions like hot and cold application, deep breathing, and muscle relaxation were deemed effective in alleviating chronic pain. The extent to which nurses performed non-pharmacological interventions was rated as much employed, particularly in areas involving explanation of procedures, assessment of patient discomfort, and reassessment of pain responses. These results underscore that nurses at Sta. Maria Josefa Hospital Foundation Inc. are proficient in applying non-pharmacological approaches to pain management. Consequently, a training program was developed to further enhance their competencies, emphasizing individualized and holistic pain management techniques that consider patient-specific conditions. The study recommends strengthening continuing education and integrating evidence-based non-pharmacological methods into standard clinical practice to optimize pain management outcomes.
The Role of Strategy in Competitive Performance: The Case of Manufacturing Firms
In the contemporary global economy, the manufacturing sector remains a critical engine for economic growth, innovation, and job creation, particularly in developing nations. However, maintaining a competitive edge in an era of rapid technological change and globalized supply chains requires more than just operational efficiency; it demands strategic clarity, coherence, and execution. This study empirically investigates the precise relationship between strategy formulation/implementation and the competitive performance of manufacturing firms. Utilizing a rigorous quantitative methodology, data were drawn from the third round of the international High-Performance Manufacturing (HPM) project, a comprehensive benchmark study encompassing 3,155 firms across five industrialized nations- Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, and the United States - operating in the electronics, machinery, and transportation sectors. The research employed a series of statistical techniques, including reliability analysis (Cronbach's Alpha), exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Pearson correlation, and linear regression, to test the central hypothesis. The findings robustly confirm a statistically significant and positive relationship (β = 0.448, p < 0.001) between a firm's strategic orientation and its competitive performance. This indicates that manufacturers with clearly defined, actively pursued, and effectively implemented strategies demonstrate superior performance across a wide spectrum of key metrics, including unit cost, product quality, delivery reliability, operational flexibility, and innovation, compared to their rivals. The study concludes that strategic management is not a peripheral administrative function but a core determinant of competitive advantage and sustained success in the manufacturing sector. Practical recommendations and strategic roadmaps are offered, particularly for emerging manufacturing landscapes like Vietnam, emphasizing the critical need for integrated strategic planning, robust implementation frameworks, and the seamless alignment of manufacturing activities with overarching business goals to enhance market position and ensure long-term viability.
manufacturing strategy, competitive performance, strategic implementation, strategic formulation, quantitative analysis, firm performance, global manufacturing, Vietnam.
Triage Management of Trauma Patients Among the Hospitals in the 5th District of Camarines Sur: Intervention Forrapid Assessment and Care
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the triage management of trauma patients in hospitals within the 5th District of Camarines Sur. The goal was to develop an intervention for rapid assessment and care. The research specifically sought to understand the profile of the triage management team members, their intervention practices, and the significant relationship between their profile and their practices. METHODS: The study used a descriptive research method, with a questionnaire as the main data collection tool. The respondents were 95 healthcare professionals from hospitals in the 5th District of Camarines Sur. The respondents included physicians, nurses, and other healthcare staff. The statistical tools utilized were the percentage technique, weighted mean, and chi-square test. RESULTS: The findings showed that the respondents were predominantly female (75.79%), young professionals between 25 and 35 years old, and either single or married. The majority were nurses (69.47%) and college graduates (80%). Although many had substantial work experience, a significant portion (38.71%) had not attended any training or seminars.The study found that the triage management team members often practiced interventions for trauma patients across all areas: assessment, diagnosis, planning, intervention, and evaluation. The data revealed a significant relationship between the team members' demographic profile and their intervention practices. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the hospitals have a well-educated but predominantly female and young workforce. The lack of training for a significant number of respondents highlights a need for more professional development opportunities. The demographic factors of the team members were found to significantly influence their trauma management practices. This implies that considering these factors is essential for creating tailored strategies to optimize triage management and improve patient outcomes. The study recommends developing a comprehensive triage manual and standardized training programs to ensure accurate patient prioritization and enhance hospital response during emergencies.
American Hegemony through its Neoliberal Global Order Project
In light of recent global developments with the advent of Trump 2, marked by a resurgence of economic nationalism and protectionism, many presage the end of American hegemony and, subsequently, its neoliberal order. This paper argues that, despite apparent crisis, the American neoliberal order project is far from disappearing. It is, in fact, being restrengthened and revived through a sort of “chaos strategy” whose end objective is to preserve and maintain American global power. Among other issues, this paper offers a critical look at the past and present of Neoliberalism. Characterized by its resilience and its ability to adapt itself despite existential crises, Neoliberalism is far from being dead as some believe. The rise and progress of nationalist trends may cause crises which are inherent to any dominant political and economic theory but which may also be a revival and repositionning opportunity.
the USA, Domination, Neoliberalism, Globalization, Capitalism
Awareness and Practices on Needlestick Injuries Among Staff Nurses in Rinconada Hospitals
This study aimed to determine the practices on needlestick injuries among staff nurses in selected hospitals in the Rinconada area. Specifically, it examined the nurses’ profiles, their level of awareness and practices on needlestick injuries, factors affecting their practice and the relationship among these variables. and the relationships among these variables. A total of 136 staff nurses participated in the study through a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and t-tests were utilized to analyze the data. Findings revealed that most respondents were aged 21–30 years old, majority are female, single, and held a bachelor’s degree. A large percentage earned below Php 20,000 pesos monthly and were assigned in ward areas. Many had served for less than a year, with the majority having attended infection control training, though few had undergone specific training on needlestick injuries. Alarmingly, 50.74% reported having experienced a needlestick injury. The level of awareness among nurses was generally high, with the highest awareness reported in the proper disposal of sharps. Practices related to needlestick injury prevention were observed "often," with the highest adherence shown in recognizing the consequences of improper disposal. The factors affecting practices included staff shortages, excessive workload, and limited availability of PPE. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between years of service and relevant training with the level of awareness. Moreover, a significant relationship existed between awareness and actual practices. Based on these findings, a proposed plan was developed to enhance safety practices, focusing on training, resource allocation, and institutional support. The study concludes that while awareness is high, consistent application of safety practices remains an area for improvement. It is recommended that hospitals implement regular training, ensure access to protective equipment, and strengthen institutional protocols to reduce the incidence of needlestick injuries among staff nurses.
Omnichannel Integration and Rural Banks Competitive Advantage and Sustainability
The financial services industry is undergoing rapid digital transformation, driven by evolving customer expectations and advancements in technology. However, rural banks often lag in adopting these innovations due to limited resources, technological infrastructure, and expertise. This disparity places rural banks at a competitive disadvantage, particularly as customers increasingly demand seamless and personalized interactions across multiple channels, including online platforms, mobile applications, and traditional branches. Omnichannel integration, which provides a unified customer experience across all touchpoints, has been identified as a critical strategy for enhancing competitive advantage in banking. While larger banks have successfully leveraged this approach to drive customer satisfaction and loyalty, rural banks face significant challenges in implementing similar strategies. These challenges include the high costs of digital infrastructure, resistance to change among stakeholders, and difficulties in training employees to adapt to new technologies. This study adopts an explanatory research design, which is appropriate for exploring causal relationships between variables. This study adopts a quantitative research approach to examine the relationship between omnichannel integration and rural banks' competitive advantage and sustainability. The population of this study comprises key stakeholders within the rural banking sector, including banking professionals, IT personnel, and customers who interact with omnichannel banking platforms. This study employs a convenience sampling technique to select participants of A sample size of 300 respondents. The study concludes that Omnichannel Integration (OI) plays a crucial role in enhancing both Competitive Advantage (CA) and Sustainability (SS) within organizations. Based on the findings regarding the effect of Omnichannel Integration (OI) on Competitive Advantage (CA), Sustainability (SS), and Sustainability Practices, the following recommendations that organizations should continue to invest in and improve their omnichannel platforms to provide a seamless and consistent customer experience. Firms should integrate sustainability objectives within their omnichannel frameworks. Organizations should utilize data from omnichannel interactions to better understand customer preferences and tailor sustainable product offerings or services that meet emerging market demands, further enhancing competitive positioning.
Unveiling the Lived Experiences of Electronics Education LET Passers and Non-Passers: A Qualitative Perspective
This study explored the lived experiences of Bachelor of Technical-Vocational Teacher Education major in Electronics (BTVTED-ELX) graduates who either passed or did not pass the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) in a Polytechnic State College in Camarines Sur. Using a qualitative phenomenological design, five participants were purposively selected and interviewed to capture their narratives. Thematic analysis revealed three major dimensions of their experiences: (1) lived experiences, which reflected personal motivation, resilience, and self-doubt; (2) challenges and enablers, encompassing academic preparedness, emotional struggles, financial constraints, and social support; and (3) institutional strategies, highlighting review programs, mentoring, and resource allocation that shaped licensure outcomes. The findings suggest that success or failure in the LET is not solely determined by academic preparation but is influenced by a combination of social, emotional, financial, and institutional factors. Non-passers emphasized difficulties in coping with exam anxiety, limited resources, and inconsistent preparation, while passers highlighted strong family support, structured study habits, and confidence built through peer collaboration. The study concludes that holistic interventions are essential to improve licensure performance. It is recommended that institutions strengthen review programs, provide mental health and financial support mechanisms, and foster peer-driven initiatives to address both academic and non-academic needs of future teachers.
Licensure Examination for Teachers, BTVTED-ELX, lived experiences, challenges, institutional strategies.
Navigating Challenge, Growth, And Innovation: Stories of Student Entrepreneurs in A Philippine State College
This study explored the lived experiences of student entrepreneurs at Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges (CSPC) through a qualitative narrative inquiry approach. Seven participants, each managing a small business while enrolled in college, were purposively selected and interviewed in August 2025. Their narratives revealed five key themes: (1) entrepreneurship as a survival strategy, (2) time management tug-of-war, (3) resilience through struggles, (4) innovation born from limitations, and (5) learning beyond the classroom. Most participants engaged in entrepreneurship out of financial necessity, using their ventures to sustain education-related and family expenses. Despite academic pressures and limited institutional support, the participants demonstrated adaptability and creativity—often leveraging digital platforms to operate their businesses with minimal resources. The study concludes that student entrepreneurship fosters not only income generation but also the development of critical life skills. However, the dual demands of academics and business create stress and role conflict. Based on the findings, it is recommended that CSPC establish targeted support systems such as mentorship programs, flexible academic arrangements, and integration of entrepreneurial learning into the curriculum. Recognizing and supporting student entrepreneurs can enhance their well-being, academic success, and long-term entrepreneurial potential.
Student entrepreneurship; Narrative inquiry; Philippine state college; Lived experiences; Entrepreneurial learning.
The Microcosmic Analogue of Research Libraries in The Context of Artificial Intelligence and Emerging Technologies in Higher and Tertiary Education in The Global South
The common perception of the artificial intelligence and its rapid advancement and transformative capabilities pose a threat to traditional institutions such as libraries. For centuries the physical libraries have been the custodians of the books and information containing the repositories of decades of stored information. In this tone it has been regarded not only a place of borrowing books but a place of knowledge, gathering, learning and community engagement. For the old reasons, the thought-provoking question in the minds of many in the digital age is, what will be the future of education in the fourth industrial revolution. In this sense there’s need of a strong transformative force the libraries have to undergo but without replacing the human effort. For one to talk about AI in the context of the libraries it means they have to go digital with proper artificial intelligence aided search engines in addition to that with a detailed history, personalised and with recommendations. Instead of the real physical look up of the catalogue it means the viable virtual tours of the libraries are pertinent, heralding a new era of efficiency and accessibility. As of today, we are now living in a world-oriented data, informative literacy and digital landscape. Moreso, Day by day the complex world of information is moving towards the online sphere. Shifting to a more proactive approach and analysis in the research context. In other words, the artificial intelligence in the libraries especially on the e-library has to take the active role of transformation enhancing user experiences, reshaping the context of the library’s dynamics. This pivotal turn might result in turning the traditional libraries into educational hubs streamlining the processes tailoring it to the right taste with the help of the irreplaceable human touch. In real sense, Librarians will continue to be an empathetic ear, guiding hand and a thoughtful advisor that no artificial intelligence can replace by working alone. They are the human connection of the increasingly digital world. Traditionally, librarians figure out the quality of information through discussions and fostering critical thinking. In simple terms they are the unique intersection of the stored knowledge, the perfect advanced technology and with humanity. Since the technology is advancing the future of libraries is supposed to undergo through a series of iterations with artificial intelligence aided capabilities. Moreso, libraries are among the most trusted institutions across the whole world in the collection of archives, content and in representing the people’s works according to public value. This script aims to test the mission and taste of the libraries in the digital sense analysing a genuine approach and the responsible use of data within the library ecosystem. On the plus side, maintaining the information exposure through the systematic review of evidence and at the end of the say it’s the humans who are responsible for all that data.
E-Library, Digital Library, Artificial Intelligence, Emerging Technologies, Higher Education.
Modernisation du service public au Sénégal: enjeux, défis et perspectives.
Résumé: D’abord il faut rappeler que la modernisation d’une administration doit répondre à une série d’objectifs et qui globalise la vie de la nation et le future du pays. Dans cette perspective un diagnostic sans complaisance est nécessaire. Cet exercice devra partir des besoins et des attentes des populations; ce qui permettra de mettre en place une relation down-top d’une part. D’autre part il faudra analyser la capacité de nos ressources à supporter un tel changement de culture organisationnelle et nos façons de faire. Dans cet article nous résultats prouvent que moderniser c’est aussi changer nos façons d’agir, de penser le service public et cultiver l’innovation, la créativité, la vérification interne, la reddition des comptes, l’amélioration continue. Mots clés: service public, ressources, innovation, administration, politiques. Abstract: First, it is important to remember that the modernization of an administration must meet a series of objectives that encompass the life of the nation and the future of the country. From this perspective, an uncompromising diagnosis is necessary. This exercise must start with the needs and expectations of the population, which will enable the establishment of a bottom-up relationship on the one hand. On the other hand, it will be necessary to analyze the capacity of our resources to support such a change in organizational culture and our ways of doing things. In this article, our results prove that modernization also means changing the way we act, think about public service, and cultivate innovation, creativity, internal verification, accountability, and continuous improvement. Keywords: service public, ressources, innovation, administration, politiques.
public service, resources, innovation, administration, policies.
La microfinance un instrument de promotion féminine: cas du groupement des femmes de Ngonine avec l’ONG Mission Inter Sénégal.
Résumé: La microfinance apparaît de plus en plus comme un outil d’émancipation et de promotion de la condition féminine. Les objectifs visés sont multiples: augmenter leurs revenus et faciliter leur indépendance financière, stabiliser et professionnaliser leur activité entrepreneuriale, mais aussi, et peut-être surtout, améliorer leur statut au sein de la famille, renforcer l’estime qu’elles ont d’elles-mêmes, ou encore favoriser leurs capacités d’auto organisation. Notre étude révèle que la microfinance à permi aux femmes de Ngonine de financer leur projet ainsi cela à favoriser non seulement une meilleure inclusion financière à travers le crédit et l’épargne mais aussi les femmes ont bénéficié d’une bonne capacité de leadership notamment en entreprenariat, communication et développement personnel. Mot clés: entreprenariat, crédit, épargne, éducation financière, leadership. Abstract: Microfinance is increasingly seen as a tool for empowering women and promoting their status. The objectives are multiple: to increase their income and facilitate their financial independence, to stabilize and professionalize their entrepreneurial activity, but also, and perhaps above all, to improve their status within the family, to strengthen their self-esteem, and to promote their capacity for self-organization and, therefore. Our study reveals that microfinance has enabled women in Ngolfagnique to finance their projects, thereby promoting not only greater financial inclusion through credit and savings, but also enabling women to develop strong leadership skills, particularly in entrepreneurship, communication, and personal development. Keywords: entreprenariat, crédit, épargne, éducation financière, leadership.
entrepreneurship, credit, savings, financial education, leadership.
Le rôle du projet d’établissement hospitalier dans l’atteinte des objectifs des structures de santé au Sénégal.
Résumé: Le projet d'établissement hospitalier est un document stratégique essentiel qui guide le développement et l'organisation d'un hôpital. Le projet vise à améliorer la qualité des soins offerts aux patients tout en prenant soin des équipes médicales. Le projet doit projeter l'hôpital dans l'avenir, en identifiant les défis à relever et les opportunités à saisir. Dans cette étude nous avons vu comment le projet d’établissement impacté la performance des hôpitaux sénégalais à travers des soins de qualité en réduisant la mortalité, en digitalisant les processus des ressources humaines et un management plus efficace à travers une bonne planification et un tableau bord bien maitrisé. Mot clés: Gestion hospitalière, gestion axée sur les résultats, planification stratégique, financement de la santé, gestion du personnel. Abstract: The hospital project is an essential strategic document that guides the development and organisation of a hospital. The project aims to improve the quality of care offered to patients while taking care of the medical teams. The project must project the hospital into the future, identifying the challenges to be met and the opportunities to be seized. In this study, we have seen how the hospital project has impacted on the performance of Senegalese hospitals by providing quality care, reducing mortality, digitising human resources processes and making management more efficient through good planning and a well-managed dashboard. Keywords: Gestion hospitalière, gestion axée sur les résultats, planification stratégique, financement de la santé, gestion du personnel.
hospital management, results-based management, strategic planning, health financing, personnel management.
Nouveau management public en Afrique: enjeux, défis et perspectives de la gestion des ressources humaines.
Résumé: Depuis son apparition au début des années 1980, le concept du nouveau management public s’est déployé en suite dans la grande majorité des pays de l’OCDE. Il est utilisé à l’échelle internationale dans les discours des politiciens, des échanges gouvernementaux et organisationnels. Le NPM diffère en effet des autres modèles de réformes des organisations publiques qui l’ont précédé, essentiellement le « Planning Programming and Budgeting System »(PPBS), apparu aux Etas Unis dans les années 1960, et le modèle « Rationalisation des Choix Budgétaire » (RCB) adopté en France depuis 1968.Les résultats de nos recherches montrent que les cadres dirigeants africains sont favorables en majorité à opter pour le renouveau du management public en mettant l’accent sur l’aspect ressources humaines. Les Etats africains peuvent produire autant de stratégies de développement, autant de programmes de modernisation de leurs administrations, si les gouvernants n’y croient pas eux-mêmes, si les cadres de l’administration ne s’engagent pas résolument à les mettre en œuvre, rien ne se passera. Mots clés: Gestion publique, management, gestion des ressources, nouveau management public, administration. Abstract: Since its emergence in the early 1980s, the concept of new public management has spread to the vast majority of OECD countries. It is used internationally in the discourse of politicians and in governmental and organisational exchanges. NPM differs from other models of public organisation reform that preceded it, notably the Planning Programming and Budgeting System (PPBS), which emerged in the United States in the 1960s, and the Rationalisation des Choix Budgétaire (RCB) model adopted in France in 1968. The results of our research show that the majority of African senior managers are in favour of renewing public management with an emphasis on human resources. African states can produce as many development strategies and administrative modernisation programmes as they like, but if the leaders themselves do not believe in them and if the administrative staff are not fully committed to implementing them, nothing will happen. Keywords: Public administration, management, resource management, new public management, administration.
Public administration, management, resource management, new public management, administration.
"The Effectiveness of Reading Comprehension Strategies in Enhancing Literacy Skills of Junior High School Students in The Philippines: A Systematic Review"
This systematic review examines the evidence of reading comprehension strategies in improving the literacy proficiency of Junior High School (JHS) students in the Philippines where there has been a consistent finding in national assessment data that there is indeed a serious literacy chasm. Based on twenty empirical studies conducted in 2020-2025, the study integrates the results on such strategic interventions as reciprocal teaching, guided reading, SQ3R, graphic organizers, and multisensory methods. Meta-synthesis and thematic analysis were used in the review to find any pattern that had been applied in strategy implementation, instructional design and learner response in different educational settings. Results highlight important findings that highlight considerable interventions gains with regard to structured implementation of evidence-based programs, especially when mediated by trained teachers who may be allowed to make a responsive instruction. Additionally, the level of involvement of students, relevance, appropriateness, and the use of technology arose as an empowering factor in realizing efficient reading instructions. The meta-theme of Pedagogical Responsiveness and Inclusive Literacy Design is central to the synthesis as it brings into its focus the necessity of instruction that is convergent to the cognitive profile of learners and also inclusive of different socio-cultural orientations of learners. Certain systemic barriers that are also discussed in the review include unequal access to resources, inadequate teacher preparation, and uneven program implementation. The paper has important implications to teachers, curriculum designers, and policy holders, who seek to change literacy education across the Philippines. It proposes equity-based, research-based interventions which must match the strategies, teacher growth and policy facilitation. Finally, the review suggests that reading comprehension should be re-conceptualized not just as the skill that needs to be taught to the learners, but a basic right which will empower learners and strengthen the national progress.
Reading Comprehension, Junior High School, Literacy Strategies, Systemic Review, Philippine Education.
Awareness, Acceptability, And the Constraints in The Dissemination of The Revised Vision, Mission, And Institutional Goals of One State College in Camarines Sur
This study evaluates the level of awareness, the distribution of print and non-print materials, the degree of acceptability in clarity and understandability, and the coherence of the systems and processes in light of the new VMGO of Camarines Sur Polytechnic Colleges. It uses a descriptive research approach, the primary research instrument being a survey questionnaire. The study's participants included external and internal stakeholders, including parents, industry partners, alumni, administrators, instructors, non-teaching staff, and students. The findings indicated that internal stakeholders have a greater understanding of the college's vision, mission, and institutional goals than external stakeholders. While college authorities and students exhibited a higher level of understanding, both respondents only indicated moderate awareness regarding the program's goals. The VMG has been extensively distributed through print and non-print media. Facebook websites and radio broadcasts are the most popular ways to connect with external stakeholders. At the same time, the curriculum and programs are the most successful way to communicate with internal stakeholders. Both respondents express high levels of approval concerning the VMGO's clarity and comprehensibility, as well as the coherence of the systems and procedures to accomplish the VMG. Given the results, it is suggested that the college continuously strives to promote the VMG more intensively. The administrators and stakeholders must further strengthen educational practices and activities to fulfill the program's objectives, institutional goals, vision, and purpose.
Awareness, Acceptability, Dissemination, VMG, Institutional Goals, Constraints.
Perceptions of Professional Competence and Sectoral Problems of Small Ruminant Farmers In Şanlıurfa Province, Türkiye *
This study aims to examine the perceptions of small ruminant farmers in Şanlıurfa province regarding their technical knowledge and skills, access to technical support, ability to find shepherds, and the adequacy of pasture areas, as well as the socio-economic and operational structural characteristics that influence these perceptions. The primary data for the study were collected through surveys conducted with members of the Şanlıurfa Breeding Sheep and Goat Raisers Association. A total of 133 farmers were interviewed face-to-face as part of the study. Descriptive statistical methods were used for data analysis, and the Kruskal-Wallis Variance Analysis and Dunn Multiple Comparison Test were employed to identify differences between independent variable groups. According to the research findings, it was determined that farmers' perceptions of their technical knowledge and skills showed significant differences according to factors such as district, education level, number of people working in animal husbandry, and number of animals. In terms of perceptions of access to technical support, it was determined that the number of people working in animal husbandry and the number of animals were effective factors. It was revealed that farmers experienced significant differences in terms of finding shepherds according to factors such as district, age, number of people working in livestock farming, livestock farming experience, and number of animals. In terms of the adequacy of pasture areas, it was determined that the district, livestock farming experience, and number of animals were effective factors. In general, it was determined that farmers have a moderate level of negative perception regarding technical knowledge and skills, access to technical support, and finding shepherds, while they have a high level of negative perception regarding the adequacy of pasture areas. These findings reveal the complex structure of the problems encountered in the small ruminant livestock sector and are consistent with similar studies in the literature. In particular, difficulties in finding shepherds and inadequate pasture land emerge as important factors threatening the sustainability of the sector. The study provides important information to policymakers and relevant stakeholders for the development of targeted education, publication, and support programs that take into account the socio-economic and operational characteristics of farmers. It has been concluded that integrated and multi-faceted approaches must be adopted to enhance the sector's productivity and address the challenges it faces.
Small livestock farming, technical knowledge, technical support, shepherd, pasture, Şanlıurfa-Türkiye
The Role of HPV Vaccine in Preventing Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer continues to be a significant health challenge worldwide, especially in resource-poor settings which account for over 90% of the deaths. Persistent infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) types, particularly HPV-16 and HPV-18, is the leading cause of cervical cancer. This review focuses on the HPV vaccines and their remarkable success in preventing cervical cancer since 2006. Prophylactic vaccines against HPV-16 and -18, as well as bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines, use virus-like particles (VLPs) to stimulate immune responses and have been shown to significantly reduce HPV infections, as well as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer. The review discusses vaccine functions and effectiveness, including their immunogenicity and ideal dosing intervals, as well as the advantages gained from early vaccination. These strides in vaccination are unfortunately not mirrored in other countries such as Iraq due to a lack of surveillance data, cultural concerns, and the absence of a national vaccination program. There remains a greater need for education, policy change, and infrastructure to support the roll-out of HPV vaccination programs. Further development into therapeutic HPV vaccines targeting the E6 and E7 oncoproteins may aid in future treatments for cancer. This review highlights the importance of comprehensive HPV vaccination in achieving these goals.
HPV, cervical cancer, HPV vaccine, prevention, immunization, public health, virology, neoplasia
Innovation concepts for urban planning and design; Scientific and Biomimetic design of A scientific and smart city in healthy and landscaped area
Many cities suffer from traffic congestion and noise and the overpopulation resulting from dense buildings along main streets making access to various facility and services more diffecult and daily routine. Therefore, a resilient and smart city with healthy environment can only be acheived with a huge budget. And if these cities are located near majorindustrial area and site of waste dump the budget is huger for relocating wast dump site to uninhabited area and away from water source, agricultural area and ecologicalforest system and rehabilitating the area in line with local plan to develop the region so that the environment in these large areas is clean and conductive toprosperious living in healthy atmosphere. And for serving the health in the cental region of Algeria and Algiers, as well as serving heahelth with specialized minimally invasivesurgery in Algeria. We focus on developing a city with healthy climate and by reasonable budget. In this research we shaws the concept of smart, scientific and healthy urban environment in Ouzera town with its urban routes characterized by smooth traffic flow in ecological environment. The research focuses on developing a scientific urban model with a smart interface provides a healthy scientific urban environment. The facilities designated in biomimetic shape witha smart interface contributes to achieving the reslience and urban efficiency of scientific and healthy city with smart university hospital served health in smart space urban model.
urban landscaping .healthy environment.Smart city . scientific space.healthy concept.
Navigating Transition: From Alumnus and Professional Development Tutor to Faculty in Higher Education
Transitioning from the role of an alumnus and professional development tutor to that of a faculty member in higher education represents a significant and multifaceted journey marked by personal transformation and professional development. This reflective paper explores the lived experiences and key insights gained throughout this transition, beginning with a strong academic foundation as an alumnus and progressing through formative roles as a tutor engaged in mentorship, curriculum development, and instructional design. The shift to a faculty position introduced new challenges, including navigating academic autonomy, managing increased responsibilities, and aligning with institutional expectations. Drawing on resilience, self-awareness, and intentional adaptation, the transition was marked by a deepened understanding of academic identity and professional purpose. Collaborative engagement with colleagues, cultivating a sense of belonging, and embracing pedagogical innovation played a central role in overcoming barriers and fostering success. This reflection also highlights the value of continuous learning and critical self-reflection in responding to the evolving demands of higher education. Ultimately, the journey affirms that transitions, while complex, offer opportunities for profound growth and reaffirm the importance of reflective practice, community, and a sustained commitment to academic excellence.
Alumnus; Faculty; Higher education; Mentorship; Professional development tutor; Support; Transition
The Medical Benefits and Risks of Vitamin D Supplementation
In addition to its well-known role in maintaining bone and calcium homeostasis, vitamin D plays a significant role in maintaining human health. The numerous medicinal advantages of vitamin D supplementation, as well as the possible hazards associated with it, are investigated in this detailed analysis. The biological routes of vitamin D metabolism are investigated, as well as the critical functions that vitamin D plays in the control of the immune system, the operation of the cardiovascular system, and the development of the nervous system. In this review, the data that supports the preventative benefits of vitamin D against illnesses such as rickets, osteoporosis, multiple sclerosis, and certain malignancies is highlighted. On the other hand, it highlights the dangers that are connected with taking an excessive amount of supplements, such as toxicity, hypercalcemia, and unfavorable medication interactions. The findings highlight the need of developing unique dosing strategies for each individual. depending on criteria such as age, health condition, and risk factors, in addition to the significance of monitoring blood 25(OH)D levels in groups who are susceptible to the disease. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the most recent scientific information in order to formulate clinical and public health recommendations that ensure the safe and effective use of vitamin D in both preventative and therapeutic settings.
Vitamin D, Bone and calcium homeostasis, Immune system, Supplementation benefits, Toxicity, Hypercalcemia, Individualized dosing
Recent Advances on Use of Graphene, Metal Oxides and Metal Organic Framework as Electrode Materials for High-Performance Supercapacitors: A Review
The increasing strain on finite fossil fuel reserves, coupled with the inherent limitations of renewable energy conversion technologies, has intensified the search for efficient energy storage solutions. Supercapacitors, renowned for their high-power density, extended cycle life, and rapid charge-discharge capabilities, are pivotal components of modern energy storage systems. This review synthesizes findings from previous studies that investigated the electrochemical performance of graphene, metal oxides, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The analysis focuses on key performance indicators, including specific surface area, capacitance, energy density, power density, and cyclic voltammetry. Comparative analysis of the literature indicates that graphene consistently demonstrates superior performance, followed by MOFs, highlighting their potential for advancing high-performance supercapacitor technology. Further study into the optimization of these materials is necessary.
Energy storage, electrochemical performance, specific surface area, capacitance, energy density, power density.
Zero Trust in Practice: How Enterprises Are Implementing Zero Trust Architectures Across Multi-Cloud System
In the new age and era of cyber threats that are advancing by the day, the mere security structures that were able to safeguard enterprise information, particularly in the complicated multi-cloud structures, have become outdated. Zero Trust (ZT) architecture, with its core principle, which is never trusted, always verified, has become one of the most viable security frameworks to leverage these challenges. This study examines how companies implement zero-trust architectures to safeguard their multi-cloud infrastructures. It explores the fundamental concepts of Zero Trust, such as identity and access management, micro-segmentation and continuous monitoring, and the practical tools that help implement Zero Trust. Case studies included in this paper will represent examples of the adoption of Zero Trust in the real world, as well as challenges and benefits. Moreover, it discusses future patterns of the Zero Trust architecture, including AI and machine learning. It provides guidelines to admit organizations that want to adopt Zero Trust to work in multifarious clouds. The research highlights the need for a layered and strategic security approach and presents a blueprint for companies interested in improving their cloud security standing.
Zero Trust, Multi-cloud security, Identity and access management, Micro-segmentation, Cybersecurity architecture
The Role of Industry Type, Firm Age, And Market Dynamics on The Relationship Between Entrepreneurial Orientation and The Performance of The Elite Companies (Ghana Club 100) In Ghana
Purpose: In Ghana, the Ghana Investment Promotion Centre (GIPC) annually ranks the top 100 firms—known as the Ghana Club 100—based on criteria such as size, growth, profitability, and corporate social responsibility. These companies are often viewed as market leaders, playing a pivotal role in Ghana’s socio-economic development through employment creation, innovation, and revenue generation. However, despite their elite status, there is growing recognition that not all firms within the Ghana Club 100 sustain high performance consistently, especially amid volatile macroeconomic conditions such as currency depreciation, inflationary pressures, and disruptions from global events like the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: This study employs the quota sampling technique to select a representative sample of 215 firms from the Ghana Club 100. The study also adopted an explanatory research design to investigate the role of industry type, firm age, and market dynamics on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and business performance among elite firms listed in the Ghana Club 100. Findings: The findings of this study offer compelling evidence that Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) exerts a positive and significant influence on Business Performance among elite firms in Ghana. Moreover, the results reveal that the relationship between EO and Business Performance is significantly moderated by Industry Type, Firm Age, and Market Dynamics. Unique Contribution to theory, policy and practice: Specifically, Industry Type positively moderates the relationship, suggesting that the strength of EO’s impact on performance varies across different sectors, with some industries benefiting more from entrepreneurial behaviors than others. Similarly, Firm Age also positively moderates this relationship, indicating that more mature firms may be better positioned to leverage their accumulated experience and resources in applying entrepreneurial strategies effectively. Finally, Market Dynamics positively moderate the EO–performance linkage, emphasizing that firms operating in highly dynamic and volatile markets gain greater performance benefits from entrepreneurial orientation, consistent with the tenets of Dynamic Capability Theory. The study affirms that Entrepreneurial Orientation is a key strategic posture for enhancing business performance, and its effectiveness is contingent on contextual factors such as industry environment, organizational maturity, and external market conditions. These insights highlight the importance for managers and policymakers to align entrepreneurial strategies with organizational and environmental realities to achieve optimal performance outcomes.
Entrepreneurial Orientation, Business Performance, Industry Type, Firm Age, Market Dynamics.